On Wenlock Edge Poem Analysis - 1324 Words

Evaluate the use of melody, rhythm and texture in creating an effective setting of the poems by A.E Housman in â€Å"On Wenlock Edge† by Vaughan Williams. â€Å"On Wenlock Edge† is a song cycle of six pieces by Vaughan Williams, set to words from A.E Housman’s collection of poems - â€Å"A Shropshire lad†. Having studied music with the likes of Ravel, Williams was very aware of the impressionist movement (particularly in France) that was in full swing at the beginning of the 20th century - he also spent much of his life travelling around England, collection folk songs (particularly those of the Tudor period). These influences are distinctly heard in â€Å"On Wenlock Edge†. Put simply, the poems that make up â€Å"A Shropshire Lad† depict country life, however†¦show more content†¦The melodies in these pieces also have been used to attain a sense of immersion in the English countryside, a place where Williams’ folk songs would have been found. The recitative style melodic line at the beginning of â€Å"Is My Team Ploughing?† contributes to this feeling as it was written in D Dori an mode, a particular scale that is very recognisable from it’s use in traditional folk songs. A famous example of this is Greensleves, a traditional Elizabethan folk song written in Dorian mode, which, like in Williams’ song, has a very distinctive feel to it. In the poem that â€Å"On Wenlock Edge† is set to, Housman presents a landscape that is under torment in a heavy storm, with strong winds. With resources that are not suited to create such an effect (a string quartet, piano and voice), Williams relies on other composition methods to set the text truthfully. At the beginning, the strings and piano play triplets and sextuplets, with the strings using tremolo. The rhythms are often used to present a constant movement, or fluidity in the music, as is used to represent the wind, with the tremolo adding a slightly frantic, unpredictability to it. At the time that the pieces were written, programme music had recently become a popular style of composing, particularly shown by BedÃ…â„¢ich Smetana, whose work ‘Ma Vlast’ was published in 1872. The piece ‘Vltava’ from this describes the journey of the river

Social Cognitive Theory And The Theory Of Control, Job...

Introduction Scholars, researchers, and academics described theory as limited and useless in the field of business (Wacker, 1998); however, virtue of â€Å"good† theory and its applications to research starts with defining theory. This paper will discuss the importance, the definition, the types of theory, comparison/contrast views of theory, and research contributions to theory as it relates to furloughed contractors work locus of control (WLOC), job satisfaction, and performance. This paper will also address a theory that adds to the related research topic and analyze two areas of controversial questions related to the chosen theory. Importance of theory to WLOC, Job Satisfaction, and Performance The concepts of locus of control (LOC) are parallel to work locus of control (WLOC), which is globally applied across situation and life domain (Tong Wang, 2012). LOC is drawn from social cognitive theory, which targets interactions between the individuals’ environment and behaviors (Tong Wang, 2012). Tong and Wang (2012) asserted that internal LOC represent individuals behaviors or personal attributes as reward contingency and external LOC represent individuals’ outcome attributes to extrinsic rewards. Tong and Wang (2012) went so far to point out that on a theoretical-based or measurement purpose, WLOC is a better predicator on work-related situations than the general LOC. WLOC combines work-related constructs such as (a) job satisfaction, (b) organizational commitment,Show MoreRelatedRelational Theory Of Current Interest1385 Words   |  6 PagesA Theory of Current Interest Relational theory of furlough correlates theoretical constructs of WLOC, job satisfaction, and performance as it relates to work productivity for furloughed contractors. Gay and Weaver (2011) and Gelso (2006) mentioned that descriptive, explanatory, and relational are types of theories use in literature. However, relational theory of furlough is more adequately connected to my current interest. Relational theory of furlough can be viewed as the relationship betweenRead MoreLiterature Review : The Protestant Ethic And The Spirit Of Capitalism1406 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment. This is in view of the fact that it lost sight of other factors like social structure, thereby limiting industrial development through hard work to a matter of subjectivity. Secondly, development in a capitalist society may not necessarily constitute an index of development in a society with a mix economic system. This cannot have a sink in developing third world countries when the state takes control and mobilized the masses. In a situation like this, factors affecting attitudes, whichRead MoreThe Importance Of Emotional Intelligence ( Ei )1645 Words   |  7 Pagesmeasured through how emotions composite - ‘which two emotions together are closest to contempt: (a) sadness and fear, or (b) anger and disgust?’ Emotional management of oneself and others is measured by showing test takers with vignettes describing a social situation, asking how emotions might be managed in the situation (Mayer, Roberts, Barsade, 2008). This model is an ability model, involves abilities with emotions to enhance thoughts, to reflect and engage with various of emotions (Maltby, Day,Read MoreAnalyze How Theories Of Motivation And Human Behavior Impact1626 Words   |  7 Pages Analyze how theories of motivation and human behavior impact strategies of change management Behavioral management theory was developed in response to the need to account for employee behavior and motivation. The shift moved management from a production orientation (classical leadership theory) to a leadership style focused on the workers human need for work- related satisfaction and good working conditions before theorists started writing about employee satisfaction and good working conditionsRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory1628 Words   |  7 Pages defines social cognitive theory as â€Å"the systematic study of learning through observation and imitation† founded by Neal Miller and John Dollard, of whom were influenced by the â€Å"research and writings of Albert Bandura.† The defining principles of social cognitive theory include learning by observing behaviors and consequences; learning can occur without a behavior change; cognition is vital; and people can have substantial control (Omrod, 2016, p. 115). As such, social cognitive theory is centralizedRead MoreMotivation1370 Words   |  6 PagesCopyright  © 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 16–4 MAJOR  THEORIES  OF  MOTIVATION Why  is  Motivation  Important? I.  Need  /  Content   Approaches: † Maslow’s  Hierarchy  of  Needs † Alderfer’s ERG  Theory † Herzberg’s  Two  Factor  Theory † McClelland’s  Learned  Needs  Theory II.  Cognitive/  Process  /  Contemporary  Approaches: † Expectancy  Theory † Equity  Theory/  Social  Comparison † Goal  Setting  Theory III.  REINFORCEMENT  THEORY  OR  OPERANT  CONDITIONING  :  Ã‚  How   Rewards  Ã‚  Reinforcements  Sustain  Motivation  Over  TimeRead MoreMotivation And Theory Of Motivation1464 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivation; it is related to the emotions, biology and the social factors that influence behaviour. It is usually a term used to explain why an individual will do something, the reasons behind that action. Moreover, The term motivation refers to factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behaviour motives are the whys of behaviourâ €™â€™ (Nevid, 2013). This coursework will explain what motivation is, what the psychological theories are and how is that crucial in explaining people’s behaviourRead MoreImpact of Structure on Organizations891 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizational structure refers to the hierarchy within the organization, to the lines of authority and communication, to the rights, but also to the limits of competence within the organization. The organizational structure influences the assignation, the control, and coordination of the power within the organization. In addition to this, it also influences how information is transmitted within the company. The impact of structure on an organization can be basically observed on how strategies are developedRead MoreThe Correlation Between Employee Satisfaction And Their Productivity Within The Work Environment1473 Words   |  6 Pagescorrelation between employee satisfaction and their productivity within the work environment. Various theories and research models will be used to validate or disprove the theory of a happy worker is a productive worker. Ultimately, the employer’s role in building and sustaining a healthy organizational culture will be analyzed and reviewed. The Role Employee Satisfaction in Organizational Effectiveness There has been a great deal of research attempting to link employee’s satisfaction with productivity.Read MoreOrganisational Behaviour1320 Words   |  6 PagesCopyright  © 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 16–4 MAJOR  THEORIES  OF  MOTIVATION Why  is  Motivation  Important? I.  Need  /  Content   Approaches: † Maslow’s  Hierarchy  of  Needs † Alderfer’s ERG  Theory † Herzberg’s  Two  Factor  Theory † McClelland’s  Learned  Needs  Theory II.  Cognitive/  Process  /  Contemporary  Approaches: † Expectancy  Theory † Equity  Theory/  Social  Comparison † Goal  Setting  Theory III.  REINFORCEMENT  THEORY  OR  OPERANT  CONDITIONING  :  Ã‚  How   Rewards  Ã‚  Reinforcements  Sustain  Motivation  Over  Time

St. Church Of The Catholic Archdiocese Of Melbourne

St Patricks Cathedral is the mother church of the Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne. It was named after St Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. The church was officially opened in 1997, however the first mass took place in February 1858. St Patricks Cathedral was designed by William Wardell, who also designed the Wardell building at Genazzano. St Patrick’s is well-known internationally for its stunning Gothic Architecture and it is one of the greatest buildings erected by the exponents of the Gothic-Revival style. The Cathedral is well known and identified by catholics in Melbourne. Catholics living in Melbourne greatly appreciate the history and significance of St Patricks Cathedral. Whether their child was baptised there or they were†¦show more content†¦Buttresses support the gables, these are topped with carved pinnacles are side parapets.’ (Cam) The original gable was replaced by a carving of the Papal Coat of Arms in 1974. The archway also features angles and shields bearing symbols of the Old and New Testament. The panels on the gates of the grill are the coats of arms and Pope Puis XII and the first three archbishops of Melbourne. Candles are also able to be lit on either side of the main entrance. Jeff Kennett Gargoyle: The Jeff Kennet Gargoyle is above the Eastern Transept. When you look up you will see two strange faces carved in stone! One is a lion, the other is a man. Gargoyles in Gothic Cathedrals were once thought of as protecting the building from evil spirits, they also serve as water spouts. For years Jeff Kennet (a former premier) was rumoured to have been the model for the gargoyle, as the facial features are so similar. Tom Carson (the master stonemason) said, ‘just a whim but in keeping with a centuries-old tradition’. Mr Carson also said that stone makers use lots of people in positions of power as muses for their gargoyles. It took Mr Carson 6 weeks to make the gargoyle. Around the cathedral you will also notice lots of other gargoyles resembling animals or creatures. Memorial Tablets: In the North Transept there are memorial tablets that commemorate the lives of archbishops that are buried within the cathedral grounds. Mosaics: ‘The

Policy Analysis on Juvenile Justice Essay - 745 Words

Policy Analysis on Juvenile Justice Reform CJA/464 September 17, 2013 Raymond Smith Policy Analysis on Juvenile Justice Reform Within this paper the writer will be discuss the public policy on Juvenile Justice Reform. Within the paper the writer will describe the issue, tell if the policy a regulatory or legislative-initiated policy, and who initiated the issue or policy. Also the writer will discuss is there a constitutional issue, and how will the issue or policy affect the community, the accused, and the victims and a conclusion at the end of the paper. Describe the issue: The issue is on how much money it cost to house juvenile compare to housing adults in prison and should 17 years be treated as juvenile or adults.†¦show more content†¦This Special Council duty was to review the juvenile code and to place low to medium-risk youth in secure incarceration facilities, which would save the state money. The state could not see where the money was going to house the juvenile and should 17 years be counted as an adult when breaking the law. The council also suggested that a voluntary funding program be setup to support local facilities. Is there a constitutional issue? There would be a constitutional issue because juvenile have certain constitutional rights at negotiation, such as the right to a lawyer and the right to challenge and interrogate witnesses, but they have no right to a trial by jury. The subject of juvenile’s rights is poorly defined in the courts, somewhat because the public as a whole has not decided how much independence to grant juvenile. When most juvenile’s supporters talk about juvenile’s rights, they are not stating to the same rights detained by adults, such as the rights to vote. Instead, they mean that more importance should be placed on juvenile’s standing as â€Å"regular persons† eligible of benefits under the law as providing in the United States Constitution and its Bill of Rights. How will the issue or policy affect the community, the accused, and the victims? The policy will affect the community by saving tax dollars if they use community based replacements to incarceration the juvenile. The community safety is well-maintained and the juvenile areShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System Is Complex1201 Words   |  5 PagesOverview: The criminal justice system is complex and in need of several types of reforms, this is especially true in the juvenile justice system. In 2012, there were 1,319,700 arrests of juveniles in the United States (OJJDP) and this includes both violent and non-violent offenses committed by those under the age of 18. Policy reforms can offer alternatives to the incarceration of young offenders, by providing mental health, or addiction rehabs for those that are in need of it rather than lockingRead MoreThe Amendment Protects Peoples Inalienable Rights1197 Words   |  5 PagesAmendments protects peoples inalienable rights. For policy issues to be effective there has to be â€Å"Increased access to information, re sources, and shared responsibility for ensuring public safety† (IACP n.d p.3). Fair sentencing has to be implements differently for juveniles than it is for adults depending on the age of the juvenile when the crime is committed. In the case of Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 support the bill in the essence that juveniles are still at the point of figuring out or definingRead MoreH.R.1501 - Violent And Repeat Juvenile Offender Accountability1205 Words   |  5 PagesH.R.1501 - Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Accountability and Rehabilitation Act of 1999. H.R. 1809 focuses more on non-violent offenders, H.R. 1501 focuses towards violent and repeat offenders. Legislation Option 1: H.R. 1501 was introduced to the House on 04/21/1999 and passed through both the House and the Senate, the main focus of this Bill was â€Å"to provide quality prevention programs and accountability programs relating to juvenile delinquency† (H.R. 1501). This bill helps to solve someRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cycle Of Juvenile Justice1342 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CYCLE JUVENILE JUSTICE​ ​1 Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory Name School ​​ Professor Class Date Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory ​In the text, Thomas Bernard examines the cyclical nature of the juvenile justice system (Weisheit Culbertson, 2000, p. 13-31). The author posits that the implementation of juvenile justice is constantly swinging from one extreme to the other based, largely, on the public’s perceptionRead MoreTraum Trauma And Its Effects On Mental Health1141 Words   |  5 PagesTrauma-informed Care Trauma-informed Care involves identifying youth with trauma by assessments and treating trauma through cognitive behavioral treatment models.8 Juvenile prevention and re-injury programs look to routinely screen for trauma exposure, the programs use culturally appropriate evidence-based assessment and treatment for traumatic stress and associated mental health symptoms; and make resources available to children, families, and providers on trauma exposure, its impact, and treatmentRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Impact Of Truant Behaviors In Schools1132 Words   |  5 Pageswho are most impacted by SB 1317, are parents and other stakeholders such as, schools, juvenile justice system and law enforcement. SB 1317, states that the families of truant youth are now being held responsible when a child is chronically truant (California Legislative Information , 2009). Furthermore, to help reduce youth delinquency, drug use and other criminal activities which involve the juvenile justice system, schools a re required to maintain efficient records of attendance ( U.S. DepartmentRead MoreLegaislative Process on a Bill962 Words   |  4 Pageshospital ‘bed tax’ in the healthcare arena to tackling landmark ethics reform, Georgia’s Legislature successfully passed with Governor Deal’s signature over 345 pieces of legislation as of Fall ’13. Most notably however, Georgia’s comprehensive Juvenile Justice Reform passed through both chambers of the GGA with relative ease despite its size and substance. Codified in 244 pages, House Bill 242’s triumph is a modern marvel in legislative collaboration, preparation, and execution. In the current climateRead MoreEssay Strategic Planning Analysis and Application1526 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Planning Analysis and Application Tara E. Green Capella University PSF5410/Strategic Management and Planning Dr. Joan Vermillion August 19, 2012 Analyze what strategic planning is and why it is so important to public organizations. Strategic planning is an organizations process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy (Armstrong, 1986). In order to determine the direction of the organizationRead MoreCentral Approaches Underpinning The Youth Justice System1101 Words   |  5 Pagesconsideration of the central approaches underpinning the youth justice system in England and Wales, it is worth drawing attention to the system itself. Originally, the categories of adult and young offenders did not exist in the justice system, which prompted their uniform disposal and retribution. The nineteenth century witnessed a significant development in the area of the English criminal justice system with the realisation that juveniles could not accept full criminal responsibility for their deeds

Evolution of the dichotomy Self and Other Within American...

Evolution of the dichotomy Self and Other Within American History American’s culture has been a big influence for American literature; because it not only has serves writers to convey the lives of Americans ancestors, but also to express their thoughts and feelings. Furthermore, American literature shows the power exerted by the white Americans against African American slaves. The superiority of white Americans over blacks population forms part of American heritage and it is reflected in American literature. The â€Å"Narrative of The Life† by Olaudah Equiano, who witnesses the power that white Americans exert against people of color, not only presented his story to the reader so people could learn the reality about slavery, but also shows†¦show more content†¦Jefferson writing shows biases towards African Americans by making the blacks appear as objects that are incapable of thinking, besides of reflecting that they were considered a second class population. â€Å"Narrative of The Life†, by Frederic Douglass, also portrays the power of the whites against the blacks. Douglas shares with more detail one of his experiences of his journal as a slave, when he was under the power of Mr. Covey, in where he witnessed how he used a female slave as a breeder: â€Å"Mr. Covey bought her from Mr. Thomas Lowe†¦ she was a large, able-bodied woman, about twenty years old†¦after buying her, he hired a married man of Mr. Samuel Harrison, to kive with him one year, and hm he used to fasten up with her every night! The result was that at the end of the year, the miserable woman give birth to twins...the children were regarded as being and addition to [Mr. Covey’s] wealth. As in Equino’s and Jefferson writings, Douglas also talks about slavery, and the aversives situations he has to suffer under the power of Americans, who in this cases also treat them as animals that could breedShow MoreRelatedDeviance1701 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Objective/Subjective Dichotomy Objectivism: Deviance as an Act The assumption that there is something inherent in a person, behavior or characteristic that is necessarily deviant Statistical Rarity If a behavior or characteristic is not typical, it is deviant. Harm If an action causes harm, then it is deviant. Folkways: If you violate these norms you may be considered odd, rude or a troublemaker Mores: Those standards that are often seen as the foundation of morality in aRead MoreSmall Business Management Essays1535 Words   |  7 Pagescontribution that entrepreneurial small businesses can bring beneficial to transforming the economy (EiM, 1994).The concept of entrepreneurship is often considered with new venture creation and small enterprise management, and the terms of owner-manager and self-employment (Gibb, 1996). While Kirby (2003) has argued that entrepreneurship is far broader than these concepts mentioned above. Not all owner-managers can be considered as entrepreneurs, nor are all small business entrepreneurial (Carland et al.,Read MoreEvolution of Public Administratpon5727 Words   |  23 PagesContents EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS A DISCIPLINE AND ITS PRESENT  STATUS: 2 Historical Evolution: 6 PARADIGMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: 9 Evolution of Public Administration 15 Period I (1887 – 1926) Public Administration Dichotomy : 15 Period II (1927 - 1937) Principles of Administration : 16 Period III (1938 – 1947) Era of Challenge : 17 Period IV (1948 - 1970)  Public Administration As Management: 17 Organizational development: 19 Period V(1971 - Continuing :PublicRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1861 Words   |  8 Pagesrespective functions in society. Such movements insinuate that the objective of absolute equality between the sexes has been met, despite history presenting an entirely contrasting view of gender roles that have perpetuated inequality in the minds of mankind. In order for one to fully comprehend the continual battle that women have fought against the stereotypes that history has tried to allocate for them, a distinction must be made between the terms gender and sex. According to Monash University, â€Å"GenderRead MoreEssay on The American Civil War Was Inevitable1930 Words   |  8 PagesCivil War: one of the most pivotal and significant moments in the history of the United States of America. The dividing of a newly birthed nation upon itself - the turmoil created threatened to collapse a unified yearning for independence. A nation once united by the solace of solidarity, once tread on by the tyranny of a motherland, once triumphant in a fight for freedom, became segregated by principle. Power and greed fueled a dichotomy between color and people which repercussions lingered in theRead MoreSocial Work History : Midterm3357 Words   |  14 PagesSocial Work History: Midterm Grace Gowdy Boston University 1. â€Å"Progressivism† has been characterized by authors studied in this course as 1) an historical era/political movement, 2) a culture within the social work profession, 3) a set of virtues social workers should strive for and 4) an inheritor (and possible alternative to) the radical tradition within social work. Describe and discuss each of these varieties of progressivism in terms of their impact on OR implications for promotingRead More Biology, Pragmatism and Contradiction Essay3857 Words   |  16 Pagesand the Question of Contradiction ABSTRACT: In this article I present H. R. Maturanas work as an alternative that reinforces pragmatism in the task of thinking philosophy through the evolution of biological species. I try to demonstrate how Maturanas biology dilutes the principal argument against American Neo-pragmatism. This criticism uses the argument of performative contradiction as it has developed in the European Neo-Kantian philosophy. Thus, I begin by presenting Apel. s arguments whichRead MorePerspectives on Sexuality2863 Words   |  12 Pagesview that North America had about sexual activity. A contemporary Roman Catholic doctrine and pro-life organizational view that holds the belief that the only moral sexual expression occurs within marriage for purposes of procreation (reproduction). (p.8) 8. Madonna-whore dichotomy:† The Madonna-whore dichotomy was perpetuated by Judeo-Christian cultural tradition through the two strongest women it presents: Eve and Mary. Sexuality as exemplified by Eve is a constant temptation to man, which mustRead MoreThe Evolution of Self in Asian-American Women in the Us (Joy Luck Club)4993 Words   |  20 PagesEssay 2-The Evolution of Self in Asian-American Women in the US The conflict of a typical mother/daughter relationship exists in many cultures. This conflict for many Asian-American women was further exasperated as these women were forced to also deal with adjusting as first, second, and third generation Americans in a sometimes unwelcome society. As a child, Japanese-American Janice Mirikitani, was interned, along with her mother, at a â€Å"work relocation camp† during 1941in Rohwer, Arkansas (AmericansRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos ) Essay2400 Words   |  10 PagesLife on earth began approximately 3.5 billion years ago and, since the rapid diversification of most major living phyla (known as The Cambrian Explosion), evolution has given rise to an extraordinarily diverse range of life forms. Evolution has resulted in various species with a wide range of traits, each with the potential to be utilized by human-kind. By modifying these organisms through cross-breeding and artificial selection to create cro ps with desirable traits, the agriculture industry has

Market Development and Sales for Active Listening- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarket Development and Sales for Active Listening. Answer: Critical thinking: Understanding the sales process Meaning of Active Listening Active listening can be termed as a process where the listener receives messages, then process them and finally respond to enhance or enable further communication. Figure: Effective Active Listening Components (Source: Armstrong et al., 2015) SIER Hierarchy of Active Listening Figure: SIER Hierarchy of Active Listening (Source: Berezhnoy et al., 2014) Sensing is the first hierarchy in the above model proposed that means active listening starts with hearing, sensing and receiving verbal as well as nonverbal aspects of the message. In this stage, much of attention and concentration is needed by the listener (Schmidt Farkas, 2016). Interpreting is the second hierarchy in the above model proposed. The scenario is after receiving the message, the sales person has the responsibility to interpret and give the idea a meaningful context. The experience, knowledge and attitude of the buyer need to positively kink with the verbal as well as non-verbal elements of the message. Evaluating is the third hierarchy in the above model proposed. Active listening properly takes place in this evaluation stage. Here, the receiver is in a position to sort fact from opinions. It is the responsibility of the receiver to evaluate the message based on its potency and weakness and how far it can be liked by the buyer or not. This particular stage takes into account both rational as well as expressive components (Homburg et al., 2017). Responding is the final stage in the hierarchy. The response help in providing feedback to the sender on how well the message was helpful and that support further communication between the two parties. Responding means enabling two-way communication that needs both the presence and contribution of buyer and receiver Key practices From SIER hierarchy model, it is now understood that how important active listening actually is in real case scenario. In order to become strong and effective listener in the sales process, it is necessary to hear the speaker first. Attempt should be made to listen 75% of time and speak 25% of time. Posture used while speaking should be show the other person that he or she is interested to start and continue with the conversation. Listening is a critical skill that needs to be understood by all adults (Santos et al., 2015). Listening is one of the tools that should be used to build or establish strong rapport during the sales process. Types of sales resistance The product selected in this category is mobile phones. The section will properly explain about objection faced by the salesperson from the customers when they just shows no interest to purchase that and how far attempts can be made to convince these types of customers. Company objection- Many customer objects by saying that they have not heard of the company of the mobile phone that are being offered by the salesperson (Bahadir, Bharadwaj Srivastava, 2015). Price is too high- One of the types of sales resistance takes place when customers object to purchase mobile phones by saying that the price is too much and they cannot afford this brand. Time or delaying- One of the types of sales resistance takes place when customers object purchase of the product by saying that they will purchase it next and delay it for some more days. By purchase of mobiles, delay is a big thing as trends and preferences are changing ach single day and if customers say they will purchase next time means that they have to look for any other new features in few days. Recommended approaches When any customers say that they have not head of the company or brand that the salesperson is talking about, then it is recommend to share facts and statistics on how reliable the mobile phones has been for other customers. It is even necessary to share the facts the buyer return rate had on the sale of mobile phones. When customers say that they cannot afford the mobile phones and need cheaper ones, then the salesperson should say and convince them that cheaper mobile phones will not be that effective and useful as compared to this one as it is worth paying this much money for its value. Facts and information should be shared about the mobile phones to the customers and even explain about the installment facility offered by the company (Arnett Wittmann, 2014). When customers say that they will come and purchase the mobile phones later, then it is recommended to inform the buyer that the next time they shop they will not get such a huge discount on these mobile phones (Johnston Marshall, 2016). The benefits need to be shared by the salesperson while making an attempt to convince the customer to purchase the mobile phone at that point of time. Reference List Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Arnett, D. B., Wittmann, C. M. (2014). Improving marketing success: The role of tacit knowledge exchange between sales and marketing.Journal of Business Research,67(3), 324-331. Bahadir, S. C., Bharadwaj, S. G., Srivastava, R. K. (2015). Marketing mix and brand sales in global markets: Examining the contingent role of country-market characteristics.Journal of International Business Studies,46(5), 596-619. Berezhnoy, V. I., Berezhnaya, E. V., Shatalova, O. I., Gerasimov, A. N., Gromov, Y. I. (2014). Systematic and subsistential analysis of the conditions of stable development of local mono-product markets.Life Science Journal,11(8), 596-599. Homburg, C., Alavi, S., Rajab, T., Wieseke, J. (2017). The contingent roles of RDsales versus RDmarketing cooperation in new-product development of business-to-business firms.International Journal of Research in Marketing,34(1), 212-230. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016).Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Santos, A. R., Sales, A., Fernandes, P., Nichols, M. (2015, June). Combining challenge-based learning and scrum framework for mobile application development. InProceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education(pp. 189-194). ACM. Schmidt, C. R., Farkas, F. (2016). The Profitability Puzzle: Integrating Sales and Product Development Improves Managements Ability to Control Future Profitability.STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT,21(4), 3-11

Financial Year Periods of Month Beginning

Question: Describe about the Financial Year for the Periods of Month Beginning. Answer: 1. 2014/15 Income year A financial year is a period of 12 months beginning 1st July every year (ss 4-1(1) and 995-1 ITAA97). The 2014/15 financial year started on 1st July 2014 to 30th June 2015. It is notable that you physically spent some days in Australia on this year. Therefore you will be submitted to the test of residency for the financial year 2014/15. There are four residency tests applied by the commissioner of tax to establish if a taxpayer is liable to income tax for a financial year or not. These tests are 183-day test, domicile, ordinary concept and superannuation test. The commissioner of tax has to satisfy only one out of these four tests to be declared as a residence of Australia and hence liable to income tax for the financial year. The above tests are discussed in this paper in depth to establish that you are not liable to income tax as a foreign residence in Australia for the financial year 2014/15. To begin with, it on record that you were physically present in the Australia for only 89 days during 2014/15 financial year and the rest were spent in England. You arrived on 1st February and left on 28th same month in the year 2015. Afterwards you came back on 1st may and stayed up to the end of 2014/15 financial year. This was as results of unavoidable tours back home to take care of your sick mother. The commissioner of tax will be satisfied that you dont qualify to be a residence of Australia for 2014/15 financial year under this 183 days test. Second, is the reside test that is based on the ordinary concepts to establish residence of an individual. It involves behavioural check on purpose of presence, location and maintenance of assets, employment or business ties and lastly social and living arrangements. It is notable that you had no other intention or living arrangements on the 2014/15 financial year. You were in Australia purposely for a job contract that you had been offered by an US based company for two year. It can be urged that you spared some of your furniture items that were valuable intending to use them on return. This shows that you had no intentions of extending your presence in Australia behold your contractual job. Furthermore, you didnt have any social ties that can be used to prove otherwise. In addition, you had no assets in Australia that can be used to show that you were planning to make Australia your abode. Therefore, the Commissioner of tax will not be able to sufficiently demonstrate routine or co ntinuity of behavior to prove the reside test. Thirdly is the domicile test which is meant to establish if an individual has his domicile in Australia. According to Domicile Act 1982 considerations of origin at birth and choice of a taxpayer to make Australia his or her domicile are considered in determining this test. This is applicable to Australians moving and working overseas and therefore not applicable to you as a foreigner who is an England nationalist by birth and choice till 30th June 2015. Lastly is the superannuation test that applies to commonwealth superannuation funds. Since you are not under any superannuation funds, you dont qualify to this category of test by default. In conclusion, am convinced behold doubts that you are not liable for income tax in Australia for the 2014/15 financial year. Haven stayed in Australia for only 89 days in a financial year cannot come closer to an individual being a residence under 183 days test. The domicile test is not applicable too to your case because you spent a very short period of time in Australia to make decisions on whether to make Australia a domicile or not. It is also impossible for the commissioner of tax to understand your behavioural traits during this financial year because of the short period of time that you spent in the country. So, the ordinary concepts test will not be applicable too .And the last superannuation test is not applicable to you since you arent a civil servant of a Commonwealth or under superannuation funds. It worth noted that out of the four tests for residency in Australia, there is non that will declare you residence of Australia for the 2014/15 financial year. Therefore, there is enough evidence to prove that you dont qualify to be an Australian residence for the 2014/15 financial year. 2015/16 Income year The 2015/16 financial year started on 1st July 2015 to 30th June 2016. It in records that you arrived in Australia last financial year after which you went back to London under unavoidable circumstances and back to Australia. Several other activities occurred during this financial year and will need to be put into context. Therefore, the scenario will need an in depth analysis to sufficiently prove or disapprove residency test in this financial year. The residency test will comprise 183 days test, residency test, domicile test and superannuation test. By observing the 183 days test, it happens that you spent exactly 183 days in Australia for the 2015/16 income year. You were in Australia on the first three and half months in the beginning of the financial year i.e. July, August, September and October. Then you flied back to London for six months. You came back to Australia on mid April 2016 till the end of the financial year on 30th June 2016. Following this account, you are not liable to income tax since the Act requires more than 183 days for an individual to be considered a residence of Australia in a specified year. Resides test uses ordinary concepts to establish if an individual is a residence for taxation in a specified financial year. This test will consider family or employment or business ties, purpose or intention of presence, location and maintenance of an asset and lastly the social and living arrangements by an individual while in Australia (Tax Ruling 98/17). It in records that you were in Australia for 183 days of 2015/16 financial year and the other half of the year in London elapsing sufficient time for the commissioner of tax to account on your stay. On August 2015, you bought a house in Sydney. You got married on 1st September creating a family tie and living arrangements in Australia. Being in married to Romeo, you changed your intentions and purpose of presence in the country. You also disclosed your love and will to stay in Australia indefinitely. Following these accounts, Commissioner of tax will be able to show that you created social and living arrangement, acquired assets, got family ties and your intentions to stay in Australia indefinitely. Therefore, he will be able to sufficiently demonstrate that you be considered a residence of Australia for the 2015/16 income year under resides test. The domicile test will be undertaken by Commissioner of tax to establish that though you moved oversees, you had abode in Australia. You got married to Romeo who is a permanent residence of Sydney and your intentions to stay in Australia indefinitely and being overseas didnt change your choice for Australia as your domicile. Since you were not planning to get another permanent home overseas, the Commissioner of tax will be able to satisfy that though you have been outside the country, you have not changed your domicile in Australia. The fourth and final test will be superannuation test which is not applicable to your case. You are in Australia as an employee contracted by a private company and therefore not related to commonwealth superannuation fund. In conclusion, it my pleasure to inform you that you will be liable to income tax in Australia for the 2015/16 financial year. This is because; the commissioner of tax will have sufficient evidence to demonstrate that you passed ordinary concepts test and domicile test. Though the commissioner will not be able to satisfy the other two tests, it stipulated in the Act that only one out of the four tests has to be established for the individual to be liable for tax in the concluded financial year. Therefore, you will be treated as a residence of Australia and be required to pay all your tax liabilities without failure. 2. Prime cost method Items declining in value; Stove $900 = 37.5 Hot water services $2000 = 83.3 Carpets $3500 =175 Furniture and fittings $5000 =187.5 Management commission; 5%$13900=$ 695 Rental property Statement For the year ended 30th June 2016 Gross Income $13,900 Deductions on Repair General repairs and maintenance $6000 Fixing broken front door $1000 Total Deductions on Repair $7000 Expenses Depreciation Stove $37.5 Hot water Service $83.3 Carpets $175 urniture and fittings $187.5 Management commission $695 Total expenses 1178.3 Taxable income $5721.7 2(b) Gross rent received for the current financial year is a very essential component to declare. Rent is referred to as a payment in exchange of use of someone else property for a specified agreed amount of time .It is an ordinary income (Adelaide Fruit and Produce Exchange Co v FCT ,1932). George has to show the Commissioner of tax the total amount received from the rental property. It is from this component that assessable income is calculated. George received $13900 for the whole year as the rental income. It is mandatory for George to disclose total income received because it the first step for taxable income computation. General repairs and maintenance are specific deductions that are included in the statement of rental property. These repairs have provisions in the income tax legislation and the taxpayer is offered a deduction for the cost incurred to repair an income generating capital. The expenses incurred were meant to restore the rental house functionality and therefore qualifies for deduction. These general repairs and maintenances were carried out in the course of a business that was income generating (s25-10). George incurred $1200 on general repairs and maintenance on his rental property and this amount is subject to deduction from the taxable income. Replacement of damaged fibro roof with long lasting color bond has been excluded in the statement of rental property. Replacing fibro roof involves replacement of the whole asset (roof) with another type of roof that is long lasting (color bond).This color bond roof is a capital expense and not deductable as stipulated in the Act (s25-10(3). Replacing with new longer lasting color bond improved the house surpassing the original roof (FCT v Western Suburbs Cinemas Ltd, 1952). George incurred $15000 on replacing damaged roof with a better color bond roof that is more durable. He is not entitled to repair deductions in this case because the expense will be deemed as a capital expense. The interpretation of the precedent FCT v Western Suburbs Cinemas Ltd(1952), placed into context that a repair should restore a defect by use of existing materials into functionality and not acquiring new items. New furniture and fittings are also excluded in the statement of rental property. According to section 25-10, these items are categorized as capital expense because they improve the facilities of the house. The new furniture enhanced the character of the property offering advancement to the existing property. George acquired new furniture and fitting for his rental house at $1200. This amount is a capital expense that he used to improve the rental property. This is not deductable from the assessable income. The act of repainting the front fence is not a repair expense and has been excluded in the statement of the rental property. Repainting is done to improve the existing paint of the wooden pickets to make them look better. The existing paint has no defect to be repainted but it the choice of George for the repainting to be carried out. For an item to be included for repair reduction, the property must be in need of restoration or have defects that require remedy for the property to work properly. George incurred $2500 to carry out repainting of the front fence. This amount is not recognized as deductible repairs because it meant to improve the property (s 25-10(3). Therefore it falls under category of capital expenditure on repairs. Fixing the broken door has been included in the list of items that will have repair deductions. The act of fixing involves remedy action to correct defects for the full functionality of the item. The door need to be fixed for the property to operate (Case J47(1958) . Therefore, fixing the door is a repair expense and will be deductable to the tax payers assessable income. George incurred $1000 to fix the broken door that was damaged. This amount is deductible from the assessable income because it is used to remedy the defects of an income generating property by restoring functionality Depreciation of assets has been included in the statement of rental property. Depreciation is a capital allowance deductible for the capital expenditure. The depreciating assets in the statement are stove, carpets, hot water service, furniture and fittings. These items have a limited effective life and do decline in value from the time they start to be used (s 40-30(1)). The declining value of the items in the above statement has been determined through prime method .When choosing a method of declining value of an item; caution has to be taken to avoid changing a method once it has been chosen or overstating base value because it can lead to fine if the commissioner of tax finds out (s 40-130). For instance, the use of furniture for one year will decline in value from the initial value due to tear and wear. Therefore it held that a taxpayer can claim deductions equal to depreciated value. For example, George will claim $175 for carpets while filling returns for the rental property. G eorge will also be offered deductions for capital allowances as follows; stove $37.5, hot water service $83.3, carpets $175, furniture and fittings $187.5. The management commission has been included in the statement of rental property as an expense. This commission represents the operation cost of running the rental property for the year. George is entitled to deduction of operating expense since taxable income is made up of net inflows of an investment. He has incurred $ 695 to pay the Honest Chris Real Estate for managing the property for the whole year. However, this amount is deducted from the taxable income. And finally is the taxable income. This is the amount that is subjected to the tax scale to obtain the tax payable by an individual or a business. It obtained by subtracting all the capital allowances and the expenses incurred in the financial year from the income received. 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